Basic Science -Week 8:Sense Organs I (Eye and Ear) CLASS: JSS 3

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WEEK 8

TOPIC: Sense Organs I (Eye and Ear)

CLASS: JSS 3

DURATION: Two Periods

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

Draw and label the diagram of the eye and ear.
Identify and explain the parts of the eye and their functions.
Identify and explain the parts of the ear and their functions.
Explain the effects of eye and ear problems on humans.

KEY VOCABULARY WORDS:

Retina
Lens
Cornea
Optic nerve
Pupil
Iris
Cochlea
Eardrum
Auditory nerve
Deafness

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS / RESOURCES:

Charts or models of the eye and ear
Diagrams on cardboard or projector slides
Mirror (for students to observe their own eyes and ears)
Textbooks

BUILDING BACKGROUND / INTRODUCTION:

Begin the lesson by asking students:

“How do you see things around you?”
“How do you hear the sound of my voice?”
Guide them to understand that the eye helps us see, while the ear helps us hear.
Explain that both are part of the five sense organs in humans — eye, ear, nose, tongue, and skin.

PERIOD 1: THE EYE

STEP 1: Introduction

The teacher explained that the eye is the organ of sight. It enables us to see, interpret, and understand light, color, and objects.

STEP 2: STRUCTURE OF THE EYE

Main Parts and Their Functions:

Part of the Eye	Functions
Cornea	A transparent outer layer that allows light into the eye.
Pupil	The small opening that controls the amount of light entering the eye.
Iris	The colored part that controls the size of the pupil.
Lens	Focuses light onto the retina.
Retina	Contains light-sensitive cells that detect images.
Optic Nerve	Carries messages from the retina to the brain.
Aqueous & Vitreous Humour	Fluids that keep the eye in shape and nourish it.
Eyelid & Eyelashes	Protect the eye from dust and injury.

STEP 3: FUNCTIONING OF THE EYE

Explain:
Light enters through the cornea, passes through the pupil and lens, and forms an image on the retina.
The optic nerve sends signals to the brain, which interprets what we see.

STEP 4: COMMON EYE DEFECTS

Defect	Cause	Correction
Short-sightedness (Myopia)	Eye too long or lens too strong	Concave lens
Long-sightedness (Hypermetropia)	Eye too short or weak lens	Convex lens
Astigmatism	Uneven cornea	Cylindrical lens
Cataract	Cloudy lens	Surgery

WRAP-UP / ASSESSMENT (Period 1):

Mention three main parts of the eye.
What is the function of the retina?
State two common eye problems.

ASSIGNMENT (Period 1):

Draw and label a neat diagram of the human eye.

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PERIOD 2: THE EAR

STEP 1: INTRODUCTION

The ear is the organ of hearing and balance. It helps us detect sound and maintain body balance.

STEP 2: STRUCTURE OF THE EAR

The ear is divided into three main parts:

Part of the Ear	Major Components	Functions
Outer Ear	Pinna and ear canal	Collects and directs sound waves to the eardrum.
Middle Ear	Eardrum, hammer, anvil, stirrup	It transmits sound vibrations to the inner ear.
Inner Ear	Cochlea, semicircular canals, auditory nerve	The cochlea converts sound into signals, while the semicircular canals maintain balance.

STEP 3: FUNCTIONING OF THE EAR

Sound waves enter through the pinna, hit the eardrum, and cause it to vibrate.
These vibrations move through the hammer, anvil, and stirrup into the cochlea, which changes them into nerve impulses sent to the brain through the auditory nerve.

STEP 4: COMMON EAR PROBLEMS

Ear Problem	Causes	Effects / Correction
Deafness	Loud noise, infection, injury	Use hearing aids or medical treatment
Ear infection	Dirty water or bacteria	Seek medical attention
Wax blockage	Excess earwax	Cleaning or ear drops

WRAP-UP / ASSESSMENT: Mention the three main parts of the ear.

What is the function of the cochlea?
List two common ear problems and their causes.

ASSIGNMENT (Period 2):

Draw and label a neat diagram of the human ear.

GENERAL WRAP-UP:

Both the eye and ear are important sense organs. The eye helps us see, while the ear helps us hear and maintain balance. Keeping them clean and protected prevents many problems.

HOD/VP’S COMMENT & ENDORSEMENT:

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