DRIVING TOOLS, CUTTING TOOLS AND BORING TOOLS Basic Tech Week 4 Note 

LESSON PLAN

WEEK 4

DATE: 19th – 23rd May, 2025

CLASS: J.S.S 1

SUBJECT: BASIC TECHNOLOGY

TITLE: METAL WORK HAND TOOLS

SUB TITLE: DRIVING TOOLS, CUTTING TOOLS AND BORING TOOLS

PERIOD: DOUBLE

DURATION: 80 MINS

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: At the end of this lesson learners will be able to:

• Identify driving tools, cutting tools and boring tools
• Mention uses of driving tools, cutting tools and boring tools
• Highlight some examples of each of the tools and sketch.

KEY VOCABULARY WORDS: Driving, Cutting and Boring tools

RESOURCES AND MATERIALS: Diagram showing metal work driving, cutting and boring tools.

NERC Basic Technology for junior secondary school 1

BUILDING BACKGROUND/ CONNECTION TO PRIOR KNOWLEDGE: Students have visited metal workshop to see the use of some metal work hand tools.

CONTENT:

CUTTING TOOLS

Cutting tools are tools used for cutting materials by either sawing, filing, chiseling, scraping. Cutting tools include the following: Hacksaw, Files, Chisel, Scraper, etc.

1. Hacksaw : The hacksaw consists of two parts: the frame and the blade. It is used mainly for cutting metals in the metal workshop. We have (i) the adjustable hacksaw (accommodates different blades) (ii) tubular hacksaw (It has fixed frame) (iii) junior hacksaw (For cutting thin sheets)
2. FilesFiles are used in forming metals to shape, by the principle of bit-by-bit removal. Files are used for finishing jobs to the required sizes and shapes, after they have been previously cut, using either a chisel or a hacksaw. Files are commonly made from high carbon steel (hardened and tempered). Their length, cross sectionals, shapes, grade, areas of cut and the nature of their cutting teeth, classifies files.

Types of Files

1. Flat file: Used to obtain flat surfaces.
2. Hand file: Used to obtain flat surfaces.
3. Round file: Used for forming small radii, and for opening out round holes.
4. Half-round file: Used for filing curves of all shapes. It is usually double cut.
5. Triangular file: Used for forming dovetail joints to shape and open up triangular holes and awkward corner.
6. Knife-edge file: Used for forming small V-grooves to shape.
7. Square file: Used for filing rectangular hole, narrow slots ad grooves, and for the finishing of square edges.
8. Chisel: Chisels are mainly chipping tools used for shaping metals, where finishing by other means, such as filing, cannot be carried out. Chisels are made from high carbon steel (hardened and tempered).

Types of chisel

1. Flat chisel: Used for general work such as: leveling metal surfaces, removing rivets, screws and bolt heads, Rough-cutting sheet metals, and cutting off excess metal after drilling.
2. Cross-cut chisel: Used for cutting keyways on shafts and in holes cutting spines and cutting slots
3. Round-nose chisel: Used for cutting oil grooves in bearings and cutting V-shaped grooves.
4. Diamond point Chisel: Used for cutting Vee grooves, and cutting oil wells bearings:
5. Scraper

Scrapers are used for removing imperfection from a surface that has been previously worked on. Scrapers are made from medium carbon steel (hardened and tempered).

1. Flat scraper: Used for making a surface accurately flat, after it has either been machined or filed. It requires high-level skill to use
2. Half-round scraper: Used for removing high spots on curved surfaces such as holes, bearings and large bores.
3. Triangular scraper: Used in awkward corners, where the use of the other scrapers proves difficult

BORING TOOLS

Boring is the act of making narrow holes in a material such as in wood or metal. Holes are bored in materials with tools called bits or drills. The boring tools are:

1.The ratchet brace: This is the tool used to hold bits of various sizes in the chucks. Some of the bits include:

(a) Centre bit: For boring shallow holes in wood.

(b) Dowel bit: Used where two components are to be held together by the dowel pin.

(c) Countersink bit: Used to enlarge the existing holes in wood.

(d) Double twist drill: Used for boring deep hole in wood drill

2. Gimlet: This is the tool used for boring holes in wood or wall before inserting small nails and screws

3.Bradawl: This tool can be used to replace gimlets, could be used as screw-driver to insert small screws, and could also be used for forming small holes before using screws or nails in the woodwork.

4.Hand drill: The difference between this tool and the wood brace is in the use of gear to turn the drill bit.

STRATEGIES & ACTIVITIES:

Critical thinking and problem solving, Collaboration and Communication method was adopted in the process of teaching.

Activity I: Teacher revises the previous topic.

Activity II: Students identify each tool displayed on the teaching materials

Activity III: Teacher demonstrates and explains driving tools, cutting tools and boring tools.

Activity IV: Students are to classify and sketch some of the tools.

WRAP UP & ASSESSMENT:

In order to determine the level of understanding the topic by the learners, the teacher asks the following questions;

• what do you understand by driving tools and cutting tools?
• Give examples of driving tolls, cutting tools and boring tools.
• State the uses of each tool mentioned.

ASSIGNMENT:

• Sketch one example each of the following classes of hand tools:

1. Driving and cutting tools. ii. Boring tools

• Visit a nearby metal workshop and watch how the hand tools are being used to accomplish metal work projects, write down your observations.

HOD/VP’S COMMENTS AND ENDORSEMENT: