SCHEME OF WORK AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE JS3 First Term Week 2

SCHEME OF WORK AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE JS3

Revision of JSS 2 Work
Packaging in Agriculture
Branding: Definition, Advantages and Disadvantages
Pricing of Agricultural Produce
Advertising in Agriculture
Marketing in Agriculture
Farm Recording
Book Keeping
Farm Account I
Farm Account II
Revision

WEEK 2: PACKAGING IN AGRICULTURE

Subject: Agricultural Science

Class: JSS 3
Week: 2
Topic: Packaging in Agriculture
Duration: 40 minutes × 2 periods
Reference Materials:

JSS3 Agricultural Science Textbook (Based on Lagos State Scheme of Work)
Lagos State Unified Schemes of Work
Agricultural Science for Junior Secondary Schools by O.A. Iwena
Internet resources and agricultural product packaging samples

Performance Objectives

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

Define packaging in agriculture.
State the importance of packaging agricultural produce.
Identify different types of packaging materials used in agriculture.
Explain factors to consider when choosing packaging materials.
Describe problems associated with poor packaging of agricultural produce.

Previous Knowledge

Students have previously learned about agricultural marketing in JSS 2, including storage and preservation of agricultural produce, which links directly to packaging.

Instructional Materials

Samples of packaging materials (sacks, cartons, baskets, nylon bags, plastic containers, crates, etc.)
Pictures or charts showing packaged farm produce
Multimedia slides or videos on agricultural packaging (if available)
Whiteboard and marker

Lesson Development

Step 1: Introduction (5 mins)

Teacher greets the students and introduces the topic: “Packaging in Agriculture.”
Asks students to mention items they have bought that were packaged.
Uses the responses to link packaging to agricultural produce.

Step 2: Meaning of Packaging in Agriculture (10 mins)

Definition: Packaging in agriculture is the process of enclosing, wrapping, or putting agricultural produce in a container or material to protect, preserve, and make it convenient for storage, transport, and sale.
Packaging can be done for farm produce such as grains, vegetables, fruits, eggs, fish, and meat.

Step 3: Importance of Packaging (10 mins)

Protection – Prevents damage, contamination, and spoilage.
Preservation – Helps to extend shelf life.
Ease of Handling – Makes transportation and storage easier.
Marketing Appeal – Attracts buyers and improves product value.
Information – Packaging can display labels showing product details, expiry date, and instructions.
Standardization – Ensures produce is measured and presented in uniform quantities.

Step 4: Types of Packaging Materials (10 mins)

Natural Packaging Materials
- Examples: baskets, leaves, calabash.
- Commonly used for fresh farm produce like vegetables and fruits.
Synthetic Packaging Materials
- Examples: polythene bags, plastic containers, synthetic sacks.
Paper-based Packaging
- Examples: cartons, paper bags.
Wooden and Metal Packaging
- Examples: wooden crates, metal drums.
Glass Containers
- Examples: glass bottles and jars for honey, juices, and preserved food.

Step 5: Factors to Consider in Selecting Packaging Materials (5 mins)

Nature of the produce (solid, liquid, perishable, non-perishable)
Cost of packaging material
Durability and strength
Weight of the produce
Safety and hygiene standards
Market requirements and regulations

Step 6: Problems of Poor Packaging (5 mins)

Damage or spoilage of produce
Contamination and health hazards
Reduction in market value
Loss of customer trust
Legal issues if packaging does not meet standards

Step 7: Class Activity (10 mins)

Students are grouped to examine different packaging materials brought to class.
Each group states:
1. The type of packaging.
2. The produce it is best suited for.
3. Why they chose it.

Step 8: Summary

The teacher revises:

Definition of packaging in agriculture
Importance and types of packaging materials
Factors to consider in choosing packaging
Problems of poor packaging

Step 9: Evaluation

Questions:

Define packaging in agriculture.
Mention four importance of packaging agricultural produce.
List three examples of natural packaging materials.
State three factors to consider when choosing packaging materials.
Mention two problems of poor packaging.

Step 10: Assignment

Visit a local market and observe how different farm products are packaged.
Write a report on at least five products and the type of packaging used for each.

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