WEEK 4: PRICING OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE | Class: JSS 3 Week: 4

NOTE: You Can Get Your Complete Notes In All Subjects For All The Classes In Detail Lesion And Plane From US At An Affordable Price In Pdf Or Word Document Download On Your Computer. Get In Touch With Us On: WhatsApp: +2348102326329/ Call: 08076206066

WEEK 4: PRICING OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE

Subject: Agricultural Science

Class: JSS 3
Week: 4
Topic: Pricing of Agricultural Produce
Duration: 40 minutes × 2 periods
Reference Materials:

JSS3 Agricultural Science Textbook (Lagos State Unified Scheme of Work)
Agricultural Science for Junior Secondary Schools by O.A. Iwena
Agricultural Economics and Extension resources
Teacher’s market survey observations

Performance Objectives

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

Define pricing in agriculture.
Identify factors that influence the price of agricultural produce.
Explain different methods of pricing agricultural products.
State the effects of pricing on farmers, consumers, and the economy.
Relate pricing to marketing and profitability in agriculture.

Previous Knowledge

Students have learned about branding and packaging in agriculture (Weeks 2 & 3), which affect how agricultural products are marketed and sold. Pricing is the next key step in the marketing process.

Instructional Materials

Price lists from local markets
Samples of agricultural produce (e.g., maize, rice, yam, tomatoes)
Chart showing factors affecting price
Whiteboard and marker
Multimedia slides (if available)

Lesson Development

Step 1: Introduction (5 mins)

Teacher asks: “Why is rice more expensive in December than in June?”
Students give answers such as scarcity, festive season demand, transportation cost, etc.
Teacher introduces the topic: Pricing of Agricultural Produce.

Step 2: Meaning of Pricing in Agriculture (5 mins)

Definition: Pricing is the process of determining the amount of money a buyer must pay to obtain a certain quantity of goods or services.
In agriculture, pricing refers to setting the amount farmers or sellers charge for agricultural produce, taking into account cost of production, demand, competition, and profit margin.

Step 3: Factors Affecting the Price of Agricultural Produce (10 mins)

Cost of Production – Includes seeds, fertilizers, labour, equipment.
Demand and Supply – Prices rise when demand is high and supply is low.
Seasonality – Prices change depending on harvest seasons.
Storage and Preservation – Availability of storage can affect supply and prices.
Transportation Costs – High transport costs raise final prices.
Market Location – Urban markets may have higher prices than rural markets.
Government Policies – Taxes, subsidies, and price controls can affect pricing.
Quality and Packaging – Well-packaged, high-quality goods can command higher prices.

Step 4: Methods of Pricing Agricultural Produce (10 mins)

Market Price Method – Prices are determined by prevailing rates in the market.
Cost-Plus Pricing – Seller adds a profit margin to the cost of production.
Bargaining Method – Buyer and seller negotiate the price.
Auction Pricing – Goods are sold to the highest bidder.
Government Fixed Pricing – Government sets prices for certain commodities to protect consumers and farmers.

Step 5: Effects of Pricing on Agriculture (10 mins)

On Farmers – Determines profit, production planning, and livelihood.
On Consumers – Affects purchasing power and food security.
On the Economy – Influences inflation, export competitiveness, and agricultural development.
On Product Quality – High prices may encourage better quality production.

Step 6: Class Activity (10 mins)

Students in groups compare the prices of three agricultural products in their local market from two different months.
Each group discusses possible reasons for the price differences.

Step 7: Summary

The teacher revises: