Week 8|S S 1  | Animal Nutrition II (Feed Formulation)

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TOPIC: Animal Nutrition II (Feed Formulation)

CLASS: S S 1 

DURATION: Two Periods

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LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. Define a ratio and a balanced diet.

2. Identify the main classes of animal feed.

3. Calculate simple feed ratios for specific animals (e.g., broilers and layers).

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KEY VOCABULARY WORDS:

• Ration

• Balanced diet

• Feed formulation

• Broilers

• Layers

• Protein

• Carbohydrates

• Minerals

• Vitamins

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INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS / RESOURCES:

• Samples of poultry feed (maize, groundnut cake, fish meal, etc.)

• Measuring containers or a scale

• Chart showing different feed ingredients and their proportions

• Textbooks and notebooks

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BUILDING BACKGROUND / INTRODUCTION:

Start the lesson by asking:

• “What do animals eat?”

• “Do all animals eat the same type of food?”
  Lead students to understand that animals need different kinds of food in the right proportion to grow well, stay healthy, and produce efficiently.
  Explain that the process of mixing these feeds in the right quantity is called feed formulation.

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PERIOD 1: MEANING AND TYPES OF RATION

STEP 1: Meaning of Ration

A ration is the amount of feed given to an animal within 24 hours.
It contains all the nutrients the animal needs for body maintenance, growth, and production.

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STEP 2: Types of Ration

1. Maintenance Ration:
   Feed given to animals just to keep them alive and healthy without any production (e.g., for rest or old animals).

2. Production Ration:
   Feed given to animals to help them produce (e.g., milk, eggs, meat, or offspring).

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STEP 3: Meaning of a Balanced Diet

A balanced diet for animals is a feed that contains all six classes of nutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water) in the right proportion for proper growth and production.

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STEP 4: Classes of Animal Feed Ingredients

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WRAP-UP / ASSESSMENT (Period 1):

• What is a ratio?

• State two types of rations.

• What is a balanced diet?

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ASSIGNMENT (Period 1):

List and explain four classes of animal feed ingredients and give one example each.

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PERIOD 2:

SIMPLE FEED FORMULATION

STEP 1: Meaning of Feed Formulation

Feed formulation means mixing different feed ingredients in the right proportion to make a balanced diet for animals.

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STEP 2: Importance of Feed Formulation

• Ensures animals get all nutrients they need.

• Reduces the cost of feeding.

• Improves animal growth and production.

• Prevents diseases due to poor feeding.

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STEP 3: SIMPLE FEED RATIO CALCULATION

A feed ratio shows the proportion of ingredients mixed together to make feed for specific animals.

Example 1: Feed for Broiler Chicks

To prepare 10 kg of feed:
Multiply each percentage by 10 kg.

• Maize → 50% of 10 = 5 kg

• Groundnut cake → 20% of 10 = 2 kg

• Fish meal → 10% of 10 = 1 kg

• Wheat offal → 15% of 10 = 1.5 kg

• Bone meal → 3% of 10 = 0.3 kg

• Salt → 2% of 10 = 0.2 kg

Total = 10 kg of feed

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Example 2: Feed for Layers

This ensures layers produce strong eggshells and more eggs.

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STEP 4: SAFETY PRACTICES IN FEED FORMULATION

• Use clean and dry ingredients.

• Avoid rotten or moldy grains.

• Measure ingredients accurately.

• Store feed in a cool, dry place.

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WRAP-UP / ASSESSMENT (Period 2):

• What is feed formulation?

• Give two reasons why feed formulation is important.

• Calculate the quantity of maize and fish meal in a 10 kg feed if maize is 50% and fish meal is 10%.

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ASSIGNMENT (Period 2):

1. Define feed formulation.

2. Prepare a simple 5 kg feed formulation for broilers using the sample in class.

3. Explain two safety measures in feed formulation.

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GENERAL SUMMARY:

Animal feed formulation is essential for providing a balanced diet that supports the growth, reproduction, and health of animals. Farmers must know how to mix feed ingredients correctly for better results and profit.

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HOD/VP’S COMMENT & ENDORSEMENT:

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(Signature & Date)

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