FIRST TERM BASIC SCIENCE JSS2 LESSON NOTE

FIRST TERM BASIC SCIENCE JSS2 LESSON NOTE & PLAN

Lesson Note on Basic Science JSS 1 First Term

FIRST TERM BASIC SCIENCE JSS2 LESSON NOTE & PLAN

Week Three                                             

Subject: Basic Science                        J.S.S.2

Lesson Title: Respiratory System

Subtitle (If Any): ______

Period: Double Period:(80Mins)

FIRST TERM BASIC SCIENCE JSS2 LESSON NOTE

Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson the students should be able to;

Define Respiratory System

Discuss the various organs that constitute the respiratory system and describe the breathing mechanism

Highlight Respiratory diseases

FIRST TERM BASIC SCIENCE JSS2 LESSON NOTE

Key Vocabulary Words: Bronchus, Diaphram, lungs, Ribs, Airways Blood Vessels

Resources & Materials: A chart showing the Respiratory System. Basic science made it easy for Nigeria Junior Secondary School. Page 25-29

Building Background/Connection to Prior Knowledge: Students are familiar with how oxygen is been taken into the body system and CO₂ is released into the Atmosphere.

Content:

Breathing- This is taking in air (rich in oxygen) into the Lungs which is the inspiration and releasing of air (CO₂) from the Lungs

(i).    External Respiration- This is the exchange of oxygen and carbon(iv) oxide between the air and blood in the Lungs

(ii).  Internal Respiration- This is the exchange of oxygen and CO₂ between blood  and blood in the fluid

(iii). Cellular Respiration- This is respiration that occurs in the cells of the body to produce energy

2. Parts of the Respiratory System- These are made up of all the organs working together to supply the blood cells with oxygen and to free the cells from carbon oxide
3. Respirator Diseases include asthma, pneumonia, pulmonary fibrosis, etc.

Here’s a Labeled Description Of The Respiratory System

1. Nasal Cavity: The air enters the respiratory system through the nostrils and passes through the nasal cavity. The nasal cavity is lined with mucous membranes that help filter and humidify the air.
2. Pharynx: The pharynx, or throat, is a common pathway for both air and food. It connects the nasal cavity and mouth to the larynx and esophagus.
3. Larynx: The larynx, or voice box, contains the vocal cords. It plays a crucial role in speech production and prevents food from entering the airway.
4. Trachea (Windpipe): The trachea is a tube that carries air from the larynx to the bronchi. It is reinforced with cartilage rings to keep it open.
5. Bronchi: The trachea divides into two bronchi (singular: bronchus) as it enters the lungs. One bronchus leads to each lung.
6. Bronchioles: Bronchi further divide into smaller bronchioles within the lungs, branching like a tree. These smaller airways help distribute air throughout the lungs.
7. Alveoli: At the end of the bronchioles are tiny air sacs called alveoli. These are where the actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place. Oxygen is absorbed into the bloodstream, while carbon dioxide is released.
8. Diaphragm: The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle that separates the chest cavity (thoracic cavity) from the abdominal cavity. It plays a key role in the process of breathing. When it contracts, it flattens and increases the volume of the chest cavity, allowing air to be drawn into the lungs. When it relaxes, it decreases the chest cavity’s volume, expelling air from the lungs.
9. Lungs: The lungs are the primary organs of the respiratory system. They are located in the chest cavity and contain the bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli. The right lung has three lobes, while the left lung has two lobes.
10. Pleura: The lungs are surrounded by a double-layered membrane called the pleura. The outer layer (parietal pleura) lines the chest cavity, while the inner layer (visceral pleura) covers the lungs. The pleura helps reduce friction between the lungs and the chest wall during breathing.

Strategies & Activities:

Use the Human Respiratory System Chart on a cardboard and discuss methods.

Step1: Some sets of student were called out to demonstrate using their chest as they breathe in and out

Step 2: Some student were also called to describe how they felt when their nose was blocked and also released.

Step3: Students were grouped into different actions to perform

Step4: Students in each group will explain their action after each action

Step5: Students will be asked questions and explain what they understand

Assessment (Evaluation):

Students will be evaluated by asking the following;

Draw a well label Respiratory System

Mention Five (5) Respiratory Disease

What is Respiratory

Wrap-up (Conclusion): The Teacher concludes by revising the whole topic again in summary

Assignment:1.

Explain what is Respiration

List 7 diseases associated with the Respiratory System

FIRST TERM BASIC SCIENCE JSS2 LESSON NOTE

Here is a list of some common respiratory system diseases and conditions associated with the respiratory system

1. Asthma: A chronic condition characterized by airway inflammation and narrowing, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, and coughing.
2. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): An umbrella term for progressive lung diseases, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema, which cause airflow obstruction and breathing difficulties.
3. Bronchitis: An inflammation of the bronchial tubes, often caused by viral or bacterial infections. It can be acute or chronic.
4. Pneumonia: An infection of the lungs that can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or other microorganisms, leading to symptoms such as fever, cough, and chest pain.
5. Tuberculosis (TB): A bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that primarily affects the lungs but can also affect other parts of the body.
6. Lung Cancer: Uncontrolled cell growth in the lungs, is often linked to smoking but can also occur in non-smokers.
7. Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD): A group of disorders that cause inflammation and scarring of lung tissue, making it difficult for the lungs to function properly.
8. Cystic Fibrosis: A genetic disorder that affects the production of mucus and leads to the accumulation of thick, sticky mucus in the airways, causing respiratory and digestive problems.
9. Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA): A condition characterized by repeated interruptions in breathing during sleep, often due to the collapse of the airway.
10. Pulmonary Embolism: A blockage in one of the pulmonary arteries in the lungs, usually caused by a blood clot that has traveled from another part of the body.
11. Lung Fibrosis: A condition where lung tissue becomes scarred and stiff, leading to difficulty in breathing.
12. Pulmonary Hypertension: High blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries, which can strain the heart and lead to heart and lung problems.
13. Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever): An allergic reaction to airborne allergens that can cause nasal congestion, sneezing, and itchy or watery eyes.
14. Laryngitis: Inflammation of the voice box (larynx), often causing hoarseness or loss of voice.
15. Pleural Effusion: Accumulation of fluid in the pleural space (between the lung and chest wall), which can compress the lung and cause breathing difficulties.
16. Sinusitis: Inflammation of the sinuses, which can lead to symptoms such as facial pain, nasal congestion, and postnasal drip.
17. Pulmonary Fibrosis: Chronic scarring of the lung tissue, often of unknown cause, leading to decreased lung function and shortness of breath.

FIRST TERM BASIC SCIENCE JSS2 LESSON NOTE