J S 2 3RD TERM AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE E-NOTE WEEK 1
WEEK: 1
DATE:
CLASS: JSS 2
SUBJECT: AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE
LESSON TITLE: Soil Formation and Soil Fertility
SUBTITLE: Rock Types and Characteristics
PERIOD: 1
DURATION: 80 minutes
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
- Define soil formation.
- Identify and describe the types of rocks.
- Explain the characteristics of each type of rock.
- Discuss the importance of rocks in soil formation.
J S 2 3RD TERM AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE E-NOTE WEEK 1
KEY VOCABULARY WORDS:
- Soil
- Weathering
- Rock
- Igneous
- Sedimentary
- Metamorphic
RESOURCES AND MATERIALS:
- Samples of rocks (if available)
- Chart or diagram showing rock types
- Soil samples
- Whiteboard and marker
BUILDING BACKGROUND/CONNECTION TO KNOWLEDGE:
Students have seen soil in their environment and are familiar with stones and pebbles. Some may also have heard of granite or limestone. This lesson links these common elements to how soil is formed and the role of rocks.
CONTENT:
- Soil Formation
Soil formation is the process by which rocks break down into smaller particles through natural processes like weathering. It involves physical, chemical, and biological changes.
- Types of Rocks
There are three major types of rocks that contribute to soil formation:
- Igneous Rocks
- Formed from cooled molten magma or lava.
- Examples: granite, basalt.
- Characteristics: Hard, strong, may have crystals.
- Sedimentary Rocks
- Formed from the accumulation of sediments or particles.
- Examples: sandstone, limestone.
- Characteristics: Layered, soft, may contain fossils.
iii. Metamorphic Rocks
- Formed when igneous or sedimentary rocks change due to heat and pressure.
- Examples: marble, slate.
- Characteristics: Hard, shiny, sometimes layered.
Importance of Rocks in Soil Formation:
- Provide mineral content to soil.
- Influence soil texture and fertility.
- Affect the color and drainage of soil.
WRAP UP & ASSESSMENT:
Teacher’s Summary:
Rocks are broken down to form soil, and each rock type adds different qualities to the soil. Understanding them helps us know where and what to plant.
Oral Questions:
- What is soil formation?
- Name the three types of rocks.
- Give one characteristic of each type of rock.
ASSIGNMENT:
Collect two different types of rocks and write one characteristic of each.
HOD/VP’S COMMENT & ENDORSEMENT: ……………………………………………………
(Signature & Date)
WEEK: 1
DATE:
CLASS: JSS 2
SUBJECT: AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE
LESSON TITLE: Soil Fertility and Soil Conservation
SUBTITLE: Methods and Importance
PERIOD: 2
DURATION: 80 minutes
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
- Define soil fertility and soil conservation.
- State the factors affecting soil fertility.
- Mention methods of improving and conserving soil fertility.
- Explain the importance of conserving soil in agriculture.
KEY VOCABULARY WORDS:
Fertility, Conservation, Erosion, Compost, Mulching, Manure
RESOURCES AND MATERIALS:
- Pictures or diagrams of fertile and infertile land
- Samples of compost or manure (optional)
- Whiteboard and marker
BUILDING BACKGROUND/CONNECTION TO KNOWLEDGE:
Students are familiar with green and dry farmland. Some may have seen erosion or areas where crops don’t grow well. This lesson connects their experiences to soil fertility and conservation.
CONTENT:
- Soil Fertility
Soil fertility is the ability of soil to support the healthy growth of plants by providing necessary nutrients.
Factors Affecting Soil Fertility:
- Type of parent rock
- Presence of organic matter
- Soil texture and structure
- Amount of water and air in the soil
Ways to Improve Soil Fertility:
- Adding organic manure or compost
- Use of fertilizers
- Crop rotation
- Planting cover crops
- Soil Conservation
Soil conservation means protecting soil from erosion, loss of nutrients, and damage.
Methods of Soil Conservation:
- Mulching: Covering soil with leaves or straw
- Terracing: Making steps on slopes
- Contour Ploughing: Ploughing along the slope
- Avoiding bush burning
- Planting trees and grasses
Importance of Soil Conservation:
- Prevents soil erosion
- Maintains soil fertility
- Increases food production
- Protects the environment
WRAP UP & ASSESSMENT:
Teacher’s Summary:
Fertile soil grows healthy crops, and conservation keeps it useful for future farming. Without it, land becomes poor and food is hard to grow.
Oral Questions:
- What is soil fertility?
- Mention two ways of improving soil fertility.
- What is soil conservation and why is it important?
ASSIGNMENT:
List three methods of conserving soil and describe one in detail.
LIFE APPLICATION / IMPORTANCE TO LIFE:
Understanding soil fertility and conservation teaches students how to care for the land that feeds us. It encourages good practices that support farming, protect nature, and ensure food for the future.
HOD/VP’S COMMENT & ENDORSEMENT:
……………………………………………………
