WHAT IS METALS AND NON-METALS: CLASS 8: J S S 3

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WHAT IS METALS AND NON-METALS: CLASS 8: J S S 3

WEEK 4:  METAL AND NON-METAL 

J S S 3

OUTLINE

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

  1. Explain the terms “metals” and “non-metals”

  2. Differentiate between metals and non-metals

  3. Highlight the economic importance of metals and non-metals.

Introduction to Metals and Non-metals

The materials present around us are grouped widely into metals and non-metals. But can you say by their properties which material is metal and which is a non-metal? Is wood a metal? or Iron a non-metal? Let us learn this topic in detail.

WHAT IS METAL

Metal typically can be refers to as a solid material that is typically hard, shiny, malleable, fusible, and ductile, with good electrical and thermal conductivity.

It’s widely used in construction, manufacturing, and various other industries.

NON-METAL

Non-metal is a term used to describe elements or substances that do not exhibit metallic properties or do not conduct electricity.

Unlike metals, non-metals are generally poor conductors of heat and electricity, and they are often brittle when solid.

Examples include carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. They play important roles in various chemical reactions and are essential for life and industry.

 

DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN METALS AND NON-METALS

 

Metals and non-metals are two distinct categories of elements on the periodic table with contrasting properties.

Here’s how they differ:

 

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES:

 

METALS: Metals are typically shiny, malleable (can be hammered into thin sheets), ductile (can be drawn into wires), and have high tensile strength. They are good conductors of heat and electricity. Metals tend to have high melting and boiling points.

 

NON-METALS: Non-metals can be solid, liquid, or gas at room temperature.

They are generally dull or lackluster in appearance and are brittle when

solid. Non-metals are poor conductors of heat and electricity, and they typically have lower melting and boiling points compared to metals.

 

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:

 

METALS: Metals tend to lose electrons easily to form positively charged ions (cations) in chemical reactions. They commonly react with acids to produce hydrogen gas and can undergo corrosion when exposed to certain environments.

NON-METALS: Non-metals tend to gain, share, or retain electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration. They form negatively charged ions (anions) or covalent bonds with other non-metals. Non-metals can react with metals to form compounds, and some non-metals can react with each other to form molecules.

EXAMPLES:

Metals: Examples of metals include iron, copper, aluminum, gold, silver, and titanium.

Non-metals: Examples of non-metals include carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and chlorine.

Location on the Periodic Table:

 

Metals: Metals are typically found on the left side and in the middle of the periodic table, with the exception of hydrogen.

Non-metals: Non-metals are primarily found on the right side of the periodic table, including the halogens (Group 17) and the noble gases (Group 18).

HIGHLIGHT THE ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF METALS AND NON-METALS.

Metals and non-metals both have significant economic importance due to their diverse applications in various industries:

Economic Importance of Metals:

 

Construction: Metals like steel, aluminum, and copper are crucial in construction for building structures, bridges, roads, and infrastructure.

 

Transportation: Metals are used extensively in transportation equipment, including cars, airplanes, trains, and ships, due to their strength, durability, and lightweight properties.

 

Manufacturing: Metals are essential in manufacturing processes for producing machinery, tools, equipment, and consumer goods across numerous industries.

 

Electrical and Electronics: Metals such as copper, silver, and gold are vital for electrical wiring, circuitry, and electronic components due to their excellent conductivity and corrosion resistance.

 

Energy Production: Metals like iron, nickel, and titanium are used in the production of renewable energy systems, such as wind turbines and solar panels, as well as in traditional energy production facilities like power plants.

 

Defense and Aerospace: Metals play a critical role in defense and aerospace applications for manufacturing military vehicles, aircraft, missiles, and spacecraft.

Economic Importance of Non-metals:

 

Agriculture: Non-metals like phosphorus and sulfur are essential components of fertilizers, contributing to crop growth and agricultural productivity.

 

Chemical Industry: Non-metals serve as raw materials in the chemical industry for producing a wide range of products, including plastics, polymers, detergents, fertilizers, and pharmaceuticals.

 

Water Treatment: Non-metals like chlorine and fluorine are used in water treatment processes to purify drinking water and sanitize swimming pools.

 

Electronics and Semiconductor Manufacturing: Non-metals such as silicon and carbon are crucial for semiconductor production and the manufacturing of electronic devices like computer chips, solar cells, and LEDs.

 

Construction and Insulation: Non-metallic materials like glass, ceramics, and insulation materials are used in construction for windows, tiles, insulation, and fire-resistant materials.

 

Overall, both metals and non-metals contribute significantly to the global economy by providing essential materials for industrial processes, infrastructure development, technological advancements, and everyday consumer products.

Objective Questions

Question 1. The property of metals by which they can be beaten into thin sheets is:

  1. Malleability
  2. Ductility
  3. Conduction
  4. Expansion

Solution: The correct answer is A. The property of metals by which they can be beaten into thin sheets is malleability.

Which of the following is a property of metals?

  1. a) Brittle
  2. b) Good conductor of electricity
  3. c) Dull
  4. d) Non-magnetic

Which of the following is a property of non-metals?

  1. a) Shiny
  2. b) Malleable
  3. c) Poor conductor of heat
  4. d) Ductile

Which metal is liquid at room temperature?

  1. a) Iron
  2. b) Mercury
  3. c) Gold
  4. d) Copper

Which of the following is a non-metal?

  1. a) Silver
  2. b) Carbon
  3. c) Aluminum
  4. d) Zinc

What is the common property of metals?

  1. a) Insulators
  2. b) Brittle
  3. c) Conductors
  4. d) Transparent

Which non-metal is essential for life and is found in the air?

  1. a) Oxygen
  2. b) Nitrogen
  3. c) Hydrogen
  4. d) Helium

What is a characteristic of most non-metals?

  1. a) They are shiny
  2. b) They conduct electricity well
  3. c) They are brittle
  4. d) They are magnetic

Which of the following is a metal?

  1. a) Sulfur
  2. b) Phosphorus
  3. c) Iron
  4. d) Chlorine

Which property is common to all metals?

  1. a) They are poor conductors of electricity
  2. b) They have low melting points
  3. c) They are malleable and ductile
  4. d) They are all gases

Which non-metal is used in pencils?

  1. a) Lead
  2. b) Carbon
  3. c) Sulfur
  4. d) Phosphorus

What is the term for a metal that can be drawn into wires?

  1. a) Malleable
  2. b) Ductile
  3. c) Brittle
  4. d) Conductive

Which of the following is a property of metals?

  1. a) Dull appearance
  2. b) Brittle
  3. c) Good conductor of heat
  4. d) Poor conductor of electricity

Which non-metal is known for being very hard and is used in cutting tools?

  1. a) Graphite
  2. b) Diamond
  3. c) Sulfur
  4. d) Phosphorus

Which metal is commonly used in electrical wiring?

  1. a) Aluminum
  2. b) Copper
  3. c) Zinc
  4. d) Gold

Which of these materials is a non-metal and can be used to make fertilizers?

  1. a) Iron
  2. b) Copper
  3. c) Nitrogen
  4. d) Gold

Which property is NOT typical of metals?

  1. a) Lustrous
  2. b) Brittle
  3. c) High melting point
  4. d) Conductive

Which of the following non-metals is used in the treatment of water?

  1. a) Oxygen
  2. b) Nitrogen
  3. c) Chlorine
  4. d) Helium

What do we call the ability of metals to be beaten into thin sheets?

  1. a) Ductility
  2. b) Conductivity
  3. c) Malleability
  4. d) Brittleness

Which metal is known for its use in jewelry due to its luster and resistance to tarnishing?

  1. a) Iron
  2. b) Copper
  3. c) Gold
  4. d) Aluminum

Which non-metal is essential for breathing and makes up about 21% of the Earth’s atmosphere?

  1. a) Hydrogen
  2. b) Carbon
  3. c) Oxygen
  4. d) Nitrogen

THEORY QUESTIONS

Describe the difference between metals and non-metals in terms of their physical properties. Provide two examples of each.

 

Explain why metals are good conductors of electricity and give two examples of metals used for this purpose.

 

Discuss the uses of non-metals in everyday life and provide two examples.

 

Describe what happens when a metal reacts with oxygen. Give an example of such a reaction.

 

Explain the term ‘malleability’ and ‘ductility’ and provide an example of a metal that exhibits both properties.

 

Feel free to let me know if you need more questions or any further details!

You Can Get In Touch With Me On: +2348076206066 OR What’s-app On +2348102326329

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