What Is Energy: Basic Science J S 3 Third Term E-Note

OUTLINE 

By the end of the lesson the students should be able to

1. Explain the term Energy

2. Outline The Importance of Energy

3. Demonstrate The Conversion of Energy

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What is energy

Energy can be define as the ability or capacity to do work or cause change.

In physics, it’s a fundamental concept that comes in many forms, such as kinetic energy (energy of motion), potential energy (stored energy), thermal energy (heat energy), chemical energy (energy stored in chemical bonds), electrical energy, and more.

One of the most important aspects of energy is the principle of conservation of energy, which states that the total energy of an isolated system remains constant over time; it cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another. This principle is foundational to understanding various physical phenomena and is crucial in many scientific and engineering applications.

The Importance of Energy

The importance of energy spans across various aspects of human life, societal progress, and the functioning of the natural world. Here’s an outline highlighting its significance:

1. Societal Development: Energy is the backbone of modern civilization. It powers industries, transportation systems, communication networks, and urban infrastructure. Access to reliable and affordable energy sources is essential for economic growth and improving living standards.
2. Technology and Innovation: Energy drives technological advancements and innovation. From the industrial revolution to the digital age, breakthroughs in energy production and utilization have revolutionized society, enabling the development of new technologies and improving efficiency in existing ones.
3. Healthcare: Energy is vital for healthcare services, providing power for medical equipment, heating and cooling systems in hospitals, and refrigeration for storing vaccines and medicines. Access to electricity in remote areas enhances healthcare delivery and improves public health outcomes.
4. Food Production and Agriculture: Energy plays a critical role in agriculture, powering machinery for planting, harvesting, and processing crops, as well as providing electricity for irrigation systems and maintaining optimal conditions in greenhouses. Energy-intensive fertilizers and pesticides also contribute to food production.
5. Environmental Impact: The type of energy sources used can significantly impact the environment. Fossil fuels, while abundant and reliable, contribute to air and water pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, and climate change. Renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power offer cleaner alternatives with lower environmental impact.
6. Energy Security: Dependence on imported energy resources can pose geopolitical risks and economic vulnerabilities. Diversifying energy sources, investing in domestic production, and promoting energy efficiency measures enhance energy security and reduce reliance on volatile international markets.
7. Climate Change Mitigation: Energy production and consumption are major contributors to greenhouse gas emissions, driving climate change. Transitioning to renewable energy sources, improving energy efficiency, and implementing carbon capture and storage technologies are crucial strategies for mitigating climate change and reducing environmental degradation.
8. Social Equity: Access to reliable and affordable energy services is essential for addressing social inequalities. Energy poverty affects millions of people worldwide, limiting access to education, healthcare, and economic opportunities. Promoting universal access to clean and sustainable energy is essential for fostering social equity and inclusive development.

Demonstrate The Conversion of Energy

Energy conversion refers to the process of changing one form of energy into another. Here are a few examples of energy conversion:

1. Electrical to Thermal Energy: When you turn on an electric heater, electrical energy is converted into thermal energy. The electricity flows through a conductor, such as a heating element, which offers resistance to the flow of electrons. This resistance generates heat, causing the heating element to warm up and radiate thermal energy into its surroundings.
2. Chemical to Mechanical Energy: In a car engine, chemical energy stored in gasoline is converted into mechanical energy to propel the vehicle. When gasoline combusts in the engine cylinders, it releases energy in the form of heat. This heat expands gases, creating high pressure that drives pistons, which, in turn, generates mechanical energy to rotate the wheels.
3. Solar to Electrical Energy: Solar panels convert sunlight (solar energy) into electrical energy through the photovoltaic effect. The panels contain semiconductor materials (such as silicon) that absorb photons from sunlight. These photons then knock electrons loose from atoms within the semiconductor, generating an electric current. This current can be harnessed and converted into usable electrical energy.
4. Mechanical to Electrical Energy: Generators in power plants convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. For example, in a hydroelectric power plant, water flowing through turbines rotates them, which turns the generator’s rotor. This mechanical motion induces an electromagnetic field, producing electrical energy in the generator’s stater coils.
5. Nuclear to Thermal Energy: In a nuclear power plant, nuclear fission reactions convert nuclear energy into thermal energy. When the nucleus of an atom splits, it releases a tremendous amount of energy in the form of heat. This heat is used to produce steam, which drives turbines connected to generators, ultimately producing electrical energy.

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OBJECTIVES QUESTIONS 

What is the SI unit of energy?

1. a) Joule
2. b) Watt
3. c) Newton
4. d) Pascal

Which form of energy is associated with an object’s motion?

1. a) Potential energy
2. b) Kinetic energy
3. c) Thermal energy
4. d) Chemical energy

The energy stored in an object due to its position is called:

1. a) Kinetic energy
2. b) Potential energy
3. c) Thermal energy
4. d) Electrical energy

What is the law of conservation of energy?

1. a) Energy can be created or destroyed
2. b) Energy can be created but not destroyed
3. c) Energy cannot be created or destroyed
4. d) Energy can be destroyed but not created

Which type of energy is stored in the bonds of molecules?

1. a) Thermal energy
2. b) Chemical energy
3. c) Nuclear energy
4. d) Electrical energy

What type of energy transformation occurs in a battery?

1. a) Chemical to electrical
2. b) Electrical to thermal
3. c) Thermal to chemical
4. d) Mechanical to electrical

Which form of energy is harnessed from the sun?

1. a) Nuclear energy
2. b) Wind energy
3. c) Solar energy
4. d) Geothermal energy

What is the primary source of energy for the Earth’s climate system?

1. a) The moon
2. b) The sun
3. c) Earth’s core
4. d) Ocean tides

What kind of energy is produced by friction?

1. a) Kinetic energy
2. b) Potential energy
3. c) Thermal energy
4. d) Chemical energy

Which device converts mechanical energy into electrical energy?

1. a) Battery
2. b) Generator
3. c) Solar panel
4. d) Transformer

Which form of energy is most associated with temperature?

1. a) Thermal energy
2. b) Chemical energy
3. c) Nuclear energy
4. d) Electrical energy

Energy transferred through electromagnetic waves is known as:

1. a) Conduction
2. b) Convection
3. c) Radiation
4. d) Transmission

Which of the following is a non-renewable source of energy?

1. a) Solar energy
2. b) Wind energy
3. c) Coal
4. d) Hydropower

What is the energy transformation in a hydroelectric power plant?

1. a) Electrical to mechanical
2. b) Chemical to electrical
3. c) Mechanical to electrical
4. d) Thermal to mechanical

Which type of energy is associated with an object’s height above the ground?

1. a) Kinetic energy
2. b) Elastic potential energy
3. c) Gravitational potential energy
4. d) Chemical energy

Which form of energy is involved in nuclear reactions?

1. a) Kinetic energy
2. b) Thermal energy
3. c) Chemical energy
4. d) Nuclear energy

What type of energy transformation occurs in a wind turbine?

1. a) Kinetic to electrical
2. b) Thermal to mechanical
3. c) Chemical to thermal
4. d) Mechanical to thermal

Which of the following is an example of mechanical energy?

1. a) A compressed spring
2. b) A glowing light bulb
3. c) A hot cup of coffee
4. d) A charged battery

What is the main energy source for photosynthesis in plants?

1. a) Chemical energy
2. b) Solar energy
3. c) Electrical energy
4. d) Thermal energy

Which form of energy is primarily used in cooking?

1. a) Mechanical energy
2. b) Chemical energy
3. c) Electrical energy
4. d) Thermal energy

Theory Questions

Explain the law of conservation of energy with an example.

 

Describe the various forms of potential energy and provide real-life examples for each.

 

Discuss the process of energy transformation in a hydroelectric power plant, starting from the water source to electricity generation.

 

What are the advantages and disadvantages of renewable energy sources compared to non-renewable energy sources?

 

Describe how energy efficiency can be improved in residential buildings. Include at least three methods in your explanation.

 

Feel free to let me know if you need more questions or any further details

You can contact me: +2348076206066, OR whats-app me on +2348102326329

Mr.Ojajuni

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